What is Solenoid

A coil of wire that acts as an electromagnet when electric current is passed through it, often used to control the motion of metal objects, such as the switch of a relay.

SERVO VOLTAGE STABILIZERS

Servo voltage stabilizers save the life of costlier appliances, CNC machines, electrical equipment, medical equipment, motors lab equipment etc. through connecting AC voltage which is not stabilized, and dips at one point of time and at other point of time rises to very high value. The principle of operating Servo Stabilizer involves comparing the output voltage with built in stable reference voltage source. The solid state control circuit operates the motor whenever the output voltage falls or rises beyond the preset voltage.

DCS ( Distributed Control System):

A distributed control system (DCS) refers to a control system usually of a manufacturing system process or any kind of dynamic system, in which the controller elements are not central in location (like the brain) but are distributed throughout the system with each component sub-system controlled by one or more controllers.

Human Machine Interface

Human-machine interface is the part of the machine that handles the Human-machine interaction. Membrane Switches, Rubber Keypads and Touchscreens are examples of that part of the Human Machine Interface which we can see and touch.

WHAT IS SERVO DRIVE

A servo drive receives a command signal from a control system, amplifies the signal, and transmits electric current to a servo motor in order to produce motion proportional to the command signal. Typically the command signal represents a desired velocity, but can also represent a desired torque or position. A sensor attached to the servo motor reports the motor's actual status back to the servo drive. The servo drive then compares the actual motor status with the commanded motor status. It then alters the voltage frequency or pulse width to the motor so as to correct for any deviation from the commanded status.

ANALOG INPUT/OUTPUT CARD

There are two types of communication signals PLC is

handling either to field instruments ( O/p) or from field 
instruments ( i/p). This digital signals are used as 
control on / off operation in o/p card and read present
status in the form of On or OFF. 

Digital signals are in the form of binary logic either
Present ( High may be 5 V / 24 V) or Low ( o V)
In analogue form of signal It can be 0 to 10 V in descrite
values ( o to 100%) or 4 to 20 MA) These analogue signal
received from Load cells, Transducers or from position
control devices.

Variable-Frequency Drive

A variable-frequency drive (VFD) is a type of adjustable-speed drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and voltage.

A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between its winding circuits.

 A varying current in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a 

varying magnetic flux through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic flux induces a varying electromotive 

force (emf) or voltage in the secondary winding.

Transformers range in size from thumbnail-sized used in microphones to units weighing hundreds of tons 

interconnecting the power grid. A wide range of transformer designs are used in electronic and electric power 

applications

Isolated-gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)

The Isolated-gate bipolar transistor or IGBT is a three-terminal power semiconductor device primarily used as an electronic switch and in newer devices is noted for combining high efficiency and fast switching. It switches electric power in many modern appliances: Variable-Frequency Drives (VFDs), electric cars, trains, variable speed refrigerators, air-conditioners and even stereo systems with switching amplifiers.

Electric Power Transmission

Electric-power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power plants to electrical substations located near demand centers.
Electricity is transmitted at high voltages (110 kV or above) to reduce the energy lost in long-distance transmission. Power is usually transmitted through overhead power lines. Underground power transmission has a significantly higher cost and greater operational limitations but is sometimes used in urban areas or sensitive locations.

RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used

Modbus

MODBUS



Modbus is a serial communications protocol originally published by Modicon (now Schneider Electric) in 1979 for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The main reasons for the use of Modbus in the industrial environment are:
developed with industrial applications in mind
openly published and royalty-free
easy to deploy and maintain
moves raw bits or words without placing many restrictions on vendors

Modbus allows for communication between many (approximately 240) devices connected to the same network, for example a system that measures temperature and humidity and communicates the results to a computer. Modbus is often used to connect a supervisory computer with a remote terminal unit (RTU) in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems.

Mobile or Portable Substation

The mobile substation or portable substation is fully equipped with different power system equipments, and must be able to be shipped from one place to another with fully assembled mode.

The World Smallest Relay Ladder Programmable Controller