A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between its winding circuits.

 A varying current in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a 

varying magnetic flux through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic flux induces a varying electromotive 

force (emf) or voltage in the secondary winding.

Transformers range in size from thumbnail-sized used in microphones to units weighing hundreds of tons 

interconnecting the power grid. A wide range of transformer designs are used in electronic and electric power 

applications

Isolated-gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)

The Isolated-gate bipolar transistor or IGBT is a three-terminal power semiconductor device primarily used as an electronic switch and in newer devices is noted for combining high efficiency and fast switching. It switches electric power in many modern appliances: Variable-Frequency Drives (VFDs), electric cars, trains, variable speed refrigerators, air-conditioners and even stereo systems with switching amplifiers.

Electric Power Transmission

Electric-power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power plants to electrical substations located near demand centers.
Electricity is transmitted at high voltages (110 kV or above) to reduce the energy lost in long-distance transmission. Power is usually transmitted through overhead power lines. Underground power transmission has a significantly higher cost and greater operational limitations but is sometimes used in urban areas or sensitive locations.

RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used

Modbus

MODBUS



Modbus is a serial communications protocol originally published by Modicon (now Schneider Electric) in 1979 for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The main reasons for the use of Modbus in the industrial environment are:
developed with industrial applications in mind
openly published and royalty-free
easy to deploy and maintain
moves raw bits or words without placing many restrictions on vendors

Modbus allows for communication between many (approximately 240) devices connected to the same network, for example a system that measures temperature and humidity and communicates the results to a computer. Modbus is often used to connect a supervisory computer with a remote terminal unit (RTU) in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems.

Mobile or Portable Substation

The mobile substation or portable substation is fully equipped with different power system equipments, and must be able to be shipped from one place to another with fully assembled mode.

The World Smallest Relay Ladder Programmable Controller