What happen if AC Supply willl given to a DC Motor ?

It depends on the construction of the motor. If the field winding is connected in series with the armature winding, the motor is like a universal motor and will probably operate normally. If the field winding is connected in parallel with the armature, the motor will not run, but will draw current, make noise and get hot.
Shunt wound DC motors are not suitable for AC operation because the difference in inductance between the armature and the field causes a relative phase shift between the armature current and the field current. For a DC motor to operate with AC current, the armature and field currents must reverse at exactly the same time, as they do when the windings are connected in series. For reasonably good performance, the cores need to be laminated and the brush position needs to be set to 90 degrees.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

VOLTAGE REGULATOR:

A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. A voltage regulator may be a simple "feed-forward" design or may include negative feedback control loops. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.
Electronic voltage regulators are found in devices such as computer power supplies where they stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements. In automobile alternators and central power station generator plants, voltage regulators control the output of the plant. In an electric power distribution system, voltage regulators may be installed at a substation or along distribution lines so that all customers receive steady voltage independent of how much power is drawn from the line.

Wave Length Frequency of Rays

Wave Length Frequency of Rays

INFRARED:Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometres (nm) to 1 mm. This range of wavelengths corresponds to a frequency range of approximately 430 THz down to 300 GHz,[1] and includes most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature. Infrared light is emitted or absorbed by molecules when they change their rotational-vibrational movements. The existence of infrared radiation was first discovered in 1800 by astronomer William Herschel.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:

Name Wavelength Frequency (Hz) Photon Energy (eV)

Gamma rayless than 0.01 nm more than 10 EHz 124 keV – 300+ GeV

X-Ray 0.01 nm – 10 nm 30 EHz – 30 PHz 124 eV – 124 keV

Ultraviolet 10 nm – 380 nm 30 PHz – 790 THz 3.3 eV – 124 eV

Visible 380 nm–700 nm 790 THz – 430 THz 1.7 eV – 3.3 eV

Infrared 700 nm – 1 mm 430 THz – 300 GHz 1.24 meV – 1.7 eV

Microwave1 mm – 1 meter 300 GHz – 300 MHz 1.24 µeV – 1.24 meV

Radio 1 mm – 100,000 km 300 GHz – 3 Hz 12.4 feV – 1.24 meV

Third Digit Multiplier

 In CAPACITOR GUIDE, first two digits provide the value in Pico-Farads and third digit Multiplier will be as follows: 
0 1
1 10
2 100
3 1,000
4 10,000
5 100,000

Advantages of Synchronous Motors

Advantages of Synchronous Motors:

1. These motors can be made to operate at leading power factor and thereby improve the pf of an industrial plant from one that is normally lagging to one that is close to unity.

2. This motor operates at a constant speed, irrespective of load, from no-load to full load.

3. Electromagnetic power varies linearly with the applied voltage.

4. These motors can be constructed with wider air gapes than induction motors making them mechanically better.

5. Efficiency of operation is usually high, especially in the low speed and unity power factor ranges.

Disadvantages of Synchronous Motors:

1. These motors cannot be used for variable speed jobs as there is no possibility of speed adjustment

2. It requires external source for supplying dc excitation

3. It cannot be started under load, the starting torque being zero

4. It has a tendency to hunt.

5. It may fall out of synchronism and stop when over-loaded.

6. Collector rings and brushes are required.

7. For some applications these motors are not desirable as for driving shafts in small work-shops having no power available for starting and in cases where frequent starting or strong starting torque is required.

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for

manufacturing automobiles was mainly composed of relays, cam timers,

drum sequencers, and dedicated closed-loop controllers. Since these

could number in the hundreds or even thousands, the process for

updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time

consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire

relays to change the logic.

AC DRIVE

An AC drive is a device that is used to control the speed of an electrical motor, either an induction motor or a synchronous motor. AC drives are also known by various other names such as adjustable speed drives (ASD) or variable frequency drives (VFD) . Industrial machinery is often driven by electrical motors that have provisions for speed adjustment. Such motors are simply larger, more powerful versions of those driving familiar appliances such as food blenders or electric drills. These motors normally operate at a fixed speed.

If speed control is required, that controller is called a (variable speed) AC drive. AC drives are used in a wide variety of industrial applications.